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OrganizationalAEAmy Edmondson 3-min read 15-min action

The Team Pre-Mortem

Before launching, ask the team to imagine it failed and write why.

The concept

Manufactured psychological safety through structured pessimism

Edmondson's psychological-safety research at HBS shows that teams surface 'undiscussables' fastest when the structure invites them. A pre-mortem — 'it's six months later and this failed; what happened?' — makes pessimism the assigned task, removing the social cost of being the doubter.

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The Fearless Organization
By Amy EdmondsonView source

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